Science unlocked by returned lunar samples
Lunar samples provide ground truth for understanding the Moon's formation, geological history, and the early solar system. Fresh samples from unexplored regions like the south pole could reveal new insights.
Key questions samples can address:
- How and when the Moon formed, and what this implies for Earth and planetary formation.
- The timeline of lunar volcanism and impact history.
- The origin, distribution, and preservation of volatiles like water ice.
- Exposure to solar wind and cosmic rays recorded in surface materials.
Why returned samples matter
- Earth labs offer far greater analytical capability than instruments that can be flown on spacecraft.
- High-precision dating and chemical analyses can refine planetary chronologies.
- Samples support cross-disciplinary research from geology to astrobiology.
Returned lunar materials are a powerful tool for unraveling the Moon's past and guiding future exploration strategies.