Duration of lunar surface missions
Artemis mission surface stays are planned to evolve over time. Early Artemis crewed landings aim for shorter stays to test systems and operations, while later missions will support progressively longer stays as infrastructure develops.
Typical phases include:
- Initial sorties: Visits lasting several days to a week to execute focused science and test lander performance.
- Extended stays: As logistics and habitats improve, missions will support longer surface operations lasting weeks or more.
Factors determining stay length
- Lander life-support capacity and consumables.
- Surface habitat and power availability.
- Crew safety considerations, such as radiation and EVA limitations.
- Mission objectives and logistics for resupply or ascent.
NASA's phased approach builds confidence and capability. Early short stays reduce risk while informing design of habitats, power systems, and logistics needed for sustainable, long-duration lunar presence.