How does NASA plan and test new space technologies?

From idea to flight demonstration

NASA follows a systematic approach to mature and test new technologies: identify needs, fund research and development, perform ground testing, validate in relevant environments, then demonstrate in space. This reduces risk before technologies are used in critical missions.

Typical steps include:

  • Technology concept and requirements definition.
  • Laboratory and component-level testing.
  • Integrated systems testing in simulated environments.
  • Suborbital or small-satellite demonstrations.
  • Full-scale flight demonstrations on larger missions.

Program examples and benefits

  • Technology Demonstration Missions or programs like Tipping Point fund private companies to prove capabilities.
  • Suborbital flights, sounding rockets, and the International Space Station provide platforms for testing.

This staged process ensures cost-effective maturation of technologies ranging from advanced propulsion to life-support systems, so they can be reliably integrated into future science and exploration missions.